Liver Immune Microenvironment and Metastasis from Colorectal Cancer-Pathogenesis and Therapeutic Perspectives

نویسندگان

چکیده

A drastic difference exists between the 5-year survival rates of colorectal cancer patients with localized and distal organ metastasis. The liver is most favorable for metastases from colorectum. Beyond liver-colon anatomic relationship, emerging evidence highlights impact immune microenvironment on Prior to cell dissemination, hepatocytes secrete multiple factors recruit or activate cells stromal in form a premetastatic niche. liver-resident including Kupffer cells, hepatic stellate liver-sinusoidal endothelial are co-opted by recruited such as myeloid-derived suppressor tumor-associated macrophages, establish an immunosuppressive suitable tumor colonization outgrowth. Current treatments radical surgery, systemic therapy, therapy have only achieved good clinical outcomes minority metastasis, which further hampered high recurrence rate. Better understanding mechanisms governing metastasis-prone should open new immuno-oncology avenues metastasis intervention.

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ژورنال

عنوان ژورنال: Cancers

سال: 2021

ISSN: ['2072-6694']

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers13102418